Theses and Dissertations

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Evaluation of angiosuppressive activity of Pleurotus florida on developing chick embryo using chorioallantoic membrane assay [manuscript]
(2018) Rodene C. Zacarias
Angiogenesis is the proliferation of new blood vessels that promote normal embryonic development and numerous pathologies like tumor growth and cancer metastasis. The assays were used for both pro and anti-angiogenic agents. This study evaluated the angio suppressive activity of Pleurotus florida on the developing chick embryo using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and used destructive sampling into four different treatment concentrations and a control. The result revealed that there is a decrease on the number of blood vessels formed after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours at a higher treatment concentrations. Statistical analysis showed that the 24 hours and 48 hours of exposure to various concentration have no significant difference. Nevertheless, after 72 hours of exposure, the mean blood vessels formed showed a significant difference among the treatment means between the highest concentration of P. florida (1%) and the control treatment (sterile water). In terms of the percentage angio-suppressive activity of P. florida with the greatest angiogenic effect which was the 1% P. florida treatment concentration possesses 35.63% and 38.65% angio-suppressive rate after 48 hours and 72 hours of exposure respectively. Thus, the study showed that Pleurotus florida lyophilized hot water extract exhibits angio-suppressive activity on the developing chick embryo using chorioallantoic membrane assay and is concentration and time exposure dependent.
Molecular identification of freshwater microalgae from the waterfalls of Paracelis, Mt. Province.
(2019) Larny O. Martin
Microalgae, is diverse and the species is present in all existing earth ecosystems. The distribution of microalage are everywhere and be found in saltwater, brackish or freshwater. The study focused on the isolation and cultivation of microalgae, describe the morphological characteristic and identification of the microalgae strain through molecular technique. Three species of microalage was isolated from the three waterfalls of Paracelis, Mt. Province namely Canabo Falls, Iyo Falls and Maalinsawang Falls. Isolated microalgae from each falls was labelled as CS2, MF1 and IF. Microalga strain from CS2 is spherical, MF1 isolate is thread -like shape, while IF strain is sickle-shape. All the isolate color is green. Through molecular technique the isolated microalgae is identify, using the 16s rRNA and rbcL. The CS2 amplified by using rbcL gene marker and MF1 was amplified using 16S gene marker. While IF microlaga strain was not amplified at 16S rRNA and rbcL. BLAST analysis of the sample showed that CS2 has 100% similarity to Micractinium sp. and MF1 has a 92.12% similarity Leptolyngbya laminosa with similar samples deposited at Genbank. The similarity of the morphological characters of the two supports the successful molecular identification of the microalgae with the use of 16S and rbcL gene markers.
Mycochemical antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Xylaria papulis collected from Paracelis, Mountain Province
(2019) Emerson O. Diego
Mycochemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Xylaria papulis collected from Paracelis, Mountain province were evaluated in this study. X. papulis exhibited secondary metabolites such as essential oil, triterpenes, coumarines, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, anthrones, fatty acid, phenols, steroids and alkaloids. Additionally, DPPH radical scavenging activity of X. papulis showed 55.67%, however, it was lower than the positive control catechin which has 71.13%. On the contrary, X. papulis exhibited high total phenolic content of 43.17 mg GAE/g. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of X. papulis showed a mean zone of inhibition ranging from 16-18 mm. Statistical analusis revealed that the mean zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract has a significant difference with the negative control, positive control and ethanol. The zone of inhibition exhibited by the ethanolic extract has a significant difference with the negative control, positive control and ethanol. The zone of inhibition echibited by the ethanolic extract of X. papulis has an intermediate effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of X. papulis showed low antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Mycochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity, cytotoxic and teratogenic property of Boletus sp. collected from Central Luzon State University
(2019) Lyra Mae DC. Villanueva
Health benefits of regular consumption of macrofungi or bioactive compounds isolated from mushroom and the use of its functional food or nutraceutical product gain great importance, when it comes to the potential pharmacological properties of edible macrofungi. Several studies have been conducted on various macrofungi, however little is known about the Boletus sp. collected from Central Luzon State University. In this study, secondary metabolites were detected using thin layer chromatography. DPPH radical scavenging using Artemia salina nauplii in different treatment concentrations and Danio rerio was used to evaluate the teratogenicity in different concentrations of Boletus sp. extract. Boletus sp. generally exhibited significant human healthful benefits. Its mycochemical constituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthrons, courmarines, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins and triterpenes which contribute to its bioactivity are essential to the pharmacological activity. A great potential source of antioxidant compounds was exhibited by the mushroom with 26.09% radical scavenging activity and appreciable amounts of total phenolic content with 26.92%. After24 hours of exposure of brine shrimp nauplii to varying concentrations, 1000ppm and 1000 ppm is not comparable to the control. However, 100 ppm is comparable to 500 ppm which suggests that Boletus sp. has high toxicity containing bioactive compounds with LC50 of 34.25 ppm making it highly toxic. The varying treatment concentrations of Boletus sp. significantly revealed high mortality rates of the developing D. rerio embryos and suggest hatchability success within 36 hours of exposure. In terms of hearbeat, embryos exposed or lower concentrations, 0.10% with 143.33 beats per minute and 148 beats per minute in 0.05% were not significantly different with embryos in the control having 145.80 beats per minute while embryos at higher concentrations obtained 100% mortality, thus hearbeat wate was not observed. Boletus sp. extract generally exhibited teratogenic activity such as growth reatardation, scoliosis, stunted tail, malformation of head, malformation of tail, limited movement and little pigmentation were the notable teratogenic effects of the extract to the developing embryos. Coagulation and no hearbeat were the most observed toxic effects.
Phytochemical analysis cytotoxicity and teratogenic activity of Piper betle L. utilized by the AGTA community in Casiguran Aurora
(2023) Czarina Carla S. Pimentel
The Philippines is recognized as one of the Earth's most important biodiversity with approximately 13,000 plant species. Many of these plants are widely used as traditional alternative medicine including the Piper betle. The use of P. betle has been part of life and culture among the AGTA community, an indigenous group that inhabits the coast of Pacific Ocean and the hinterlands of Sierra Madre mountains in eastern part of Luzon, Island Philippines. Phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and teratogenic activity of P. betle were screened and determined. In phytochemical screening test, six secondary metabolites were found in P. betle such as essential oils, anthrones, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. The P. betle ethanol extract projected a LC50 of 3000.4 which suggest non-toxic based on the brine shrimp lethality assay. The P. betle ethanol extract generally exhibited teratogenic effects against developing Danio rerio embryos exposed to ≥ 100 ppm during the teratogenic assay wherein malformation of tail, stunted tail, limited movement, scoliosis, and little to no pigment were the notable lethal effects of the extract to the developing embryos. The varying treatment concentrations of P. betle ethanol extract significantly revealed 100% hatchability was completed to concentrations ≤ 10 ppm during 48 hpta. Overall, due to the cytotoxic and teratogenic activities of P. betle the findings serve as a contribution to the other sources for recreating broad studies in preventing, treating various diseases and in developing new, accessible medicinal drugs, that will benefit the community. Importantly, the study shall bring contribution to the preservation and promotion of indigenous knowledge in traditional medicine.
Species listing of bracket macrofungi collected in barangay Poblacion, paracelis, Mt. Province
(2019) Mariane Ann Y. Pagaduan
Polypores, also known as bracket fungi are macrofungi forming woody fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the bottom. Bracket macrofungi possess varying degree of edibility and plenty of them are incorporated into the pharmacopeia and medicine of indigenous people worldwide. This study aims to contribute in the growing knowledge about bracket fungi and reveal their importance in the community. A total of nineteen bracket macrofungi were identified belonging to five families, twelve genera and seventeen species Seventeen of collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and two macrofungi were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The morphologically identified macrofungi were Irpex lacterus, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatud, Fomex fomentarium, Lencites elegans, Microporeus xanthopus, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Tramets hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, Daldinia concentrica and Xylaria papulis.
Teratogenic and Cytotoxic activity of Fomitopsis feei collected from Paracelis Mountain Province
(2019) Agana Reyn Dulay
Mushrooms are being utilized by indigenous people and Paracelis Mountain Province is one of the perfect place to search for mushrooms utilized by them. Several studies have been conducted on various macrofungi, however little is known about the Fomitopsis feei collected from Paracelis, Mountain Province. this study determined the teratogenic and cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of F. fee against zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and brine shrimp (Artemia salina), respectively. The mushroom exhibited teratogenic effects against the developing D. rerio embryos wherein growth reatardation, malformation of tail, yolk deformity, pericardial edema, curved body, scoliosis and lttle pigmentation were the notable teratogenic effects of the ethanol extract to the developing embryos. Embryos treated with ≥1000 ppm recorded high mortality rate. hatchability was most evident at lower concentrations ≤750 ppm. In terms of heartbeat, as the concentration of the extract increased, the heartbeat rate significantly decreased. for the cytotoxicity 1250 ppm has the highest mortality rate with 73.33%. using probit analysis, the LC50 of F. feei is 534.676 ppm which is considered as mildly toxic. Thus, F. feei in highest concentrations exhibit toxic effect.
Teratogenic and Cytotoxic activity of Xylaria papulis collected from Paracelis Mountain Province
(2019) Lois Kristien F. Domingo
Macrofungi is a diverse group of organisms taht have been known to be utilized by ancient people since earliest times for a number of their functions. In the Philippines, macrofungi have been part of the horticultural diversification of the people and have been used by indigenous people across the country. With this being said, Xylaria papulis collected from Paracelis Mountain province have been assessed for its teratogenic and cytotoxic activities. Ethanol extract exhibited teratogenic effects to developing D. rerio embryos. The most notable of these are growth reatardation, and head and tail malformations. Mortality rates of the embryos were significantly high due to exposure to different concentrations of the macrofungi ethanol extract and the hatchability was completed after 48 hours for concentrations ≤250 ppm. Abnormal heart beat rates, as well as pericardial edema causing weak and slow heart beats were noted suggesting defective cardiac function and cardio-toxicity of the extract. Cytotoxicity was observed in all the treatments except for the control with 0% mortality. The highest mean percentage mortality of 90% was recorded in 1250 ppm. Brine shrimp lethality assay also showed an LC50 of 218.507 ppm, which indicates that the extract is highly toxic.

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Browsing Theses and Dissertations by Adviser "ANGELES M. DE LEON, Ph.D."

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