Theses and Dissertations

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2D and M-Mode Echocardiographic evaluation of dogs with canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infections [manuscript]
(2018) Mikko Angelo G. Reyes
The study evaluated the cardiac functions of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis infection, using 2D and M-mode ultrasonography. A total of 15 heartworm positive adult dogs tested using MCT, aged 3.8+2.62 years old, weighed 9.78+4.99kg, with body composition score of 4.73+1.06 were examined. Among the 15 animals only six (40%) have clinical symptoms, animals are then prepared for ultrasonography evaluation. Adult canine heartworms (HW) were visible as two parallel lines separated by a very thin hypoechoic center located within the right pulmonary artery. Sometimes extending to the main pulmonary artery and right ventricle. HW was visible only in ten (60.67%) dogs with varying worm loads. The results of this study showed that there were alterations in some chamber measurements and functions and right pulmonary artery distensibility index of heartworm positive dogs based on their body weight and the established reference values.
A SECURE AND ROBUST NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE AT MUÑOZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (MAIN) – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
(2023-08-30) Cagawan, John Michael; Carurucan, June B.; Saveret, Kyle Zyrelle
This paper presented the project on network connectivity in the Academic Building 4 of Muñoz National High School (Main) – Senior High School, under the Division of Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Initially, the project primarily aimed to transform the school’s learning environment by implementing cutting-edge Wireless Access Points across the building. This seamless wireless network offered endless opportunities for students and teachers, fostering creativity and deeper comprehension of complex subjects. MNHS (Main) – SHS also recognized the importance of a reliable wired network, ensuring swift data transfer and robust communication capabilities through a carefully orchestrated Local Area Network (LAN) connection. The school aimed to cultivate a unified and interconnected learning ecosystem, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange among students and educators. Additionally, a file-sharing system was proposed to improve productivity, enhance communication, and save time in transferring data without the use of flash drives. As technology advances, safeguarding users from potential cyber threats becomes a paramount responsibility. To address this, the school committed to cybersecurity by integrating a cutting-edge firewall into its network infrastructure to strengthen defenses against unauthorized access and protect digital resources.
Analyzing the Robustness of Gapan City Road Network against different attacking strategies
(2019) Gwhyneth D. Eliscupidez, Rolea-Lyn S. Asirot
Roads are vital in the everyday routine of people for they provide avenues for faster transport and connectivity between locations. Roads are needed to function at least partially, especially when there are natural or man-made disasters for rescue and supplication of goods and services. In this study, the robustness of Gapan City Road network against different attacking strategies was analysed. The road network of Gapan was represented by an undirected graph, where the vertices are the barangays and the edges are the National, Provincial, and Municipal roads. The three different strategies are; removing vertices based on closeness centrality, removing vertices based on betweenness centrality, and removing vertices randomly. The study reveals that Gapan City road network is most vulnerable when it is attacked based on degrading order of betweenness centrality, and it is most robust when it is attacked randomly. The critical vertices are Bayanihan, Bulak, Mangino, San Roque, Santa Cruz and Santo Cristo Norte.
Anti-inflammatory and a-amylase inhibitory activities of mycelia and culture spent extracts of Oudemansiella canarii
(2019) Krizia H. Tintero
Oudemansiella canarii, from the family Physalactriaceae, is an edible mushroom commonly found growing on trunks and twigs of dead trees. Fallen logs, and pile of wood chips. In order to establish the pharmacological potentials, the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities were assessed using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and a-amylase assay, respectively. The chorioallantoic memebrane inhibition assay revealed that O. canarii culture spent extract at 1000 ug/mL concentration recorded the highest inflammation inhibition of 95.24% which was almost comparable to the quercetin. Onthe otehr hand, ethanolic extracts of both mycelia and culture spent showed no inhibitory activity against a-amylase.
Antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized ethnobotanicals of the Ilongot-Egongot community against Water Borne bacteria
(2019) Niña Andrean D. Ramos
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Ageratum conyzoides L. leaf extract
(2019) Ellaine S. Bulawit
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been studied to cause antibacterial effect that can be due to their ultrafine size which can cross bacterial membrane, and ability to react with the third groups in enzymes vital to bacterial growth. This study focused on synthesizing antibacterial AgNPs using Ageratum Ageratum conyzoides L. leaf extract to possibly provide better solution on restricting bacterial growth. AgNPs were synthesized by the reaction of A. conyzoides L. leaf extract and 0.001 M silver nitrate. the optimum temperature, pH and reaction time were also determined. Synthesized AgNPs under optimum condition were characterized morphologically using scanning electron microscopy, and were tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesi of AgNPs was favored by the reaction of 20 mL. of extract with 5 mL. 0.001 M AgNO3 at 55°C, pH 9, for 40 minutesof constant stirring Synthesized AgNPs were found to be mostly spherical with an approximate diameter of 237.13 ± 76.69 nm. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of AgNPs was found to be 2.55% viv against E. coli. and 0.98% v/v against S. aureus. AgNPs synthesized using A. conyzoides L. leaf extract have been found to possess an antibacterial activity that can possibly be developed to generate solution into the surfacing treats due to the drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Antibacterial properties of selected plant ethanolic extract against water-borne bacteria
(2019) Goldwin Grace V. Reyes
In this study, the antibacterial potentials of the identified Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb Persea americana Mill, Syzigium cumini 9Linn.) Skeels, Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. and Gliricidia sepium (jacq) Kunth ex Steud leaves and shoots ethanol extracts were evaluated against water borne bacteria namely: Enterobacter cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. Forty(40) grams of pulverized air-dried plant samples were soaked with 400 ml of 95% ethanol in 72 hours. Extraction and rotary evaporation were done, the ethanolic extracts of the plant samples were subjected to eradicant and protectant test aginst E. cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. that were isolated from water wage canal. Zone of inhibition and colonization were observed. results showed that in the eradicant test, only ethanolic extracts of E. tereticorns inhibits the growth of E. cloacae. On the other hand, all the ethanolic extracts inhibits the growth of Exiguobacterium sp. after 24 hours of incubation. meanwhile, in the protectant test, all the extract showed to be negative against E. cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. after 24 hours of incubation. This implies the antibacterial activity of the aforementioned plant samples against water borne bacteria.
Anticancer activity of ethnobotanicals of the ILONGOT-EǴONGOT community of bayanihan, Maria Aurora, Aurora on human colon cancer cells (HCT-116)
(2019) Earl Jericho DJ. Cachin
Globally, colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Colon carcinoma is one of the best-understood neoplasms from the genetic perpective, yet it remains the second most cause of cancer-related deaths. As one of the developing countries, Philippines possess a rich biodiversity that offers wide range of ethnobotanicals waiting to be utilized for cancer treatment. Ethanolic extracts of ten ethnobotanicals were collected from the Ilongot-Eģongot community of Bayanihan, Maria Aurora, Aurora were tested against human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. Cell viability and cytotoxicity was determined using the PrestoBlue® Assay. The assay revealed that Premna odorata Blanco (Local Name: Asedaong; IC₅₀ 0.8747 µg/ml), Dillenia phillippinensis Rolfe (Local Name: Katmon; IC₅₀ 0.6358 µg/ml), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Local Name: Pag; IC₅₀ 0.6653 µg/ml), Mikania micrantha L. (Local Name: Ola ola; IC₅₀ 0.8201 µg/ml), Diplazium Esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (Local name: Pako Pako; IC₅₀ 0.7338 µg/ml), Urena lobata L. (Local name: Pukot; IC₅₀ 1.009 µg/ml), Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. (Local name: Gutokola; IC₅₀ 0.8788 µg/ml), Ceiba pentandra (Local name: Betek; IC₅₀ 1.04 µg/ml), Adenanthera intermedia Merr. (Local name: Kares; IC₅₀ 1.295 µg/ml) and Stachytarpheta sp. (Local Name: Luzviminda; IC₅₀ 1.322 µg/ml), showed anticancer activity against human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). All extract showed an IC₅₀<20 µg/mL which is considered as highly toxic.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chickens from selected poultry dressing plants of Central Luzon
(2019) Lattizia Danyelle P. Vega
Antibiotics are used by humans and animals for treatment of disease, feed, efficiency and growth improvement. Bacterial species became resistant to different antibiotics resulting to high morbidity and mortality rate due to use and misuse of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to isolate Salmonella from caecal contents of the broiler chicken and assess its antimicrobial resistance to different antimicrobial agents. A total number of 72 samples were collected from selected Accredited Poultry Dressing Plants of Central Luzon . Out of this 72 samples, 66 showed positive results for the detection of Salmonella spp. through Vitek GN card. All isolates were found to be sensitive to 5 antimicrobials, namely: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Tigecycline and Colistin and resistant to 4 antimicrobials, namely Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime Axetil, Cefoxitin and Gentamicin. Moreover, all Salmonella spp. isolates were multiple drug resistant since they were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobials. The Salmonella spp. isolated in this study are resistant to different antimicrobial agents, specifically, antimicrobial agents used in poultry farming.
Artificial lighting in production of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under passive hydroponics system
(2019) Nikko O. Salamanca
Growing crops indoor and using artificial lighting can grow crops all-year round without the threat of extreme weather events. The effect of artificial lighting in production of Spinach was determined in this study. The specific objectives were to design and fabricate a vertical farm equipped with artificial lights under passive hydroponics system; to evaluate the effect different light intensity in growth performance of spinach; to assess water productivity of the system; and to conduct a simple cost analysis. The structure was designed based on different design consideration and fabricated using locally available materials. The growth performance of spinach was evaluated by determining the following parameters; plant height, weight of produce, number of leaves and root mass. Water productivity was also determined. The study considered light intensity as the treatments: red;blue and white LED lights with an intensity of 4400 lux, 5600 lux, and 7100 lux. The growing box has a dimension of 3m x 0.6m x 0.15m and it was made of marine-grade plywood. The vertical structure composed of three layers with a total height of 1.70m and a width of 0.60m and it was made of steel angle bar. Each layer had a one growing box. Results showed that spinach exposed to 7100 lux of light gained the highest plant height, weight of produce, number of leaves and root mass. It was evident that the process of photosynthesis was optimum in a light intensity of 7100 lux. Based yield and water consumption, plants exposed to 7100 lux of light also gained the highest water productivity of 18.75 x10³ g/cc.
Assessment of food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of food handlers in San Jose City food hub
(2023) Ronel M. Lazala, Aldrich U. Macamos, Donna May B. Madrid, Merecris V. Paragusion
The researchers aimed to analyze food handlers' knowledge, attitude and practices at the San Jose City Food Hub. The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-demographic profile of food handlers in the San Jose City food hub; to describe food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers in the San Jose City food hub; and to propose a training plan that will contribute to food handlers' knowledge, attitude and practices in food safety. The descriptive research design technique was used in this study, with a face-to-face survey questionnaire serving as the primary data gathering tool. A random sample strategy was used to collect 50 respondents for this investigation. The findings demonstrated that the socio-demographic profile of food handlers influence differences in their knowledge, attitude and practices. Because the majority of respondents are female, they are more aware of food safety regulations and are worried about cleanliness when preparing and cooking foods.
Assessment of insects diversity in the ecotone of Sitio Bulac, Barangay General Luna, Carranglan Nueva Ecija
(2018) Alfredo D. Abad Jr.
Researches in the past decades had focused on distinct ecological regions, communities, and ecosystem but areas of transition between these regions have received much less attention. In the face of global climate and environmental changes it has been argued that ecotones deserve special conservation investment, potentially being speciation and biodiversity hotspots that hold relatively resilient populations. This study aimed to assess the diversity of insects in the forest grassland ecotone of Sitio Bulac, Barangay General Luna, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija. A total of 48 species of insects were observed in the four stations of the forest-grassland ecotone and were classified and identified into 10 orders and 35 families. A species in the Family Formicidae obtained the highest species importance value among all other species of insects observed in the study area with a value of 15.3%, 48.21% and 66.38% respectively. Using Shannon Diversity Index it was determined that the ecotone has a high diversity of insects with a value of 3.45 despite human interventions. some human activities in the area such as kaingin farming and fire are identified as major threats that may lead to biodiversity loss in the ecotone of Sitio Bulac, Barangay General Luna, Carranglan Nueva Ecija. other environmental threats that have small impacts to the ecosystems are pollution, mining, charcoal making and soil erosion / silt run-off.
Assessment of role awareness and performance of Barangay Captains in San Jose City
(2018) Rubia D. Hernandez
The general objective of the study is to assess the role awareness and performance of barangay captains in San Jose City. Findings revealed that the assessment on their level of awareness has an overall mean of 4.04 which is slightly higher than the ratings of Sangguniang Barangay and other barangay officials which has an overall mean of 3.86. This implied that barangay captains have a high level of awareness in their roles or functions in the barangay government. As regard role performance, barangay captains were rated "High" in all the three indicators (projects and programs implemented, ordiannces/resolutions authored and conflict resolution) as assessed by the Sangguniang Barangay and other barangay officials. Self-assessment of the respondents also revealed a higher level of role performance. Result of the t-test showed that there is no significant differnce between the ratings of the barangay captains and other barangay officials. Hence, the assessment done by the barangay captains in their performance is similar to what the other barangay officials observe in their performance.
Assessment of sanitary conditions and food safety knowledge of small-scale food establishments in Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
(2023) Shainna Regisole S. San Gabriel, Lara Zhanelle D. Tidalgo, Rochelle B. Tolentino, Liziel Ann L. Tugawin
This study was conducted to assess the sanitary condition and food safety knowledge of small-scale food establishment in Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. It also described the socio-demographic characteristics and the food safety knowledge of the employees work under the small-scale food establishment as well as the sanitary condition of small-scale food establishment, and lastly the study assessed if there is a significant relationship between the employee's socio-demographic characteristics and the food safety knowledge. this study is grounded on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) theory. A quantitative research method, descriptive-correlational design was used in this study. Based on the result of the study, most of the respondents were 20-25 years old, Junior High School Graduate, and were employed below 1 year. It was also found out that the respondents have a very high knowledge in food safety and all small-scale food establishments have a good sanitary condition. Lastly, the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents specifically age, educational attainment, and length of employment have no significant relationship with how well knowledgeable the respondents were about food safety.
Assessment of spending habits of Hospitality Management students in Central Luzon State University
(2023) Milca D. Barcenas, Shalimar Joy G. Lastimosa, Karen V. Laureta & Krysz Allain A. Villanueva
This study provided as assessment of the spending habits of BS Hospitality Management students in central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija using a mixed method design. A total of 120 respondents participated in the study. Specifically, it determined the sociodemographic profile of the respondents, the allotted percentages from their allowance on food, laboratory requirements, personal needs, and transportation, the items where the respondents mostly overspend their allowance in terms of clothes, fast food restaurants and cafeterias, including the reasons and effects of their spending habits. this study used the survey questionnaire as the primary instrument wherein 30 students from each year level (first year to fourth year) were selected purposely. Results revealed the most of the respondents belonged to 20 to 21 years old, mostly female, families of two (2) siblings, received a weekly allowance of P500-1000, and mostly Tagalogs. On mother's occupation, most of their mothers were unemployed while on father's occupation, most of their fathers were self-employed. Moreover, most of the students spent their allowances on food expenses. In terms of physiological needs particularly in foods, most respondents prefer to cook their lunch in their dorm/ apartment. The respondents have strongly agreed to have been commuting when going to school. On safety needs factor particularly in education, most of the respondents strongly disagreed on allotting money on laboratory expenses and most of them agreed to be spending some of their allowance to buy vitamins and medicines. The study concludes that students have their own budget hacks that became effective for them such as refraining from buying unnecessary things, cooking their food, bringing their lunch instead of buying at the canteen, saving money into a piggybank, and always bringing with them only the exact allowance they need for the day.
AUTOMATED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING FISHPOND AT ZH AQUAFARM, BRGY STO.TOMAS SAN JOSE CITY , NUEVA ECIJA
(2024-06-03) Benitez, Jhonwarlie M.; Carbonel Jr, Carmelo A.; Gagabi, Jayson L.
Aquaculture, the industry of fish farming, relies heavily on water quality as a critical factor in ensuring productivity and sustainability. With the global demand for fish steadily increasing, effective fish farming practices have become essential to meet this need. As a key component of the world’s food supply, aquaculture operations must prioritize water quality to maintain fish health and maximize yields. Recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have significantly impacted agriculture and are now being explored for their potential in aquaculture, particularly in water quality monitoring and control. At ZH Aquafarm, located in Brgy. Sto. Tomas, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, the existing water quality monitoring system is based on manual inspection, requiring farmers to physically collect and assess water samples for variables such as pH, dissolved oxygen, water level, and temperature. This manual process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error. In this study, the water quality monitoring system at ZH Aquafarm was automated using IoT technology. The proposed system employs a suite of sensors to continuously measure key water parameters. Data collected from these sensors serves as the basis for automatically introducing fresh, higher-quality water into the pond when needed. Additionally, the integration of these sensors with mobile access allows farmers to remotely monitor water quality and make informed management decisions. This approach supports efficient, accurate, and convenient aquaculture management, demonstrating the value of automation and IoT in modern fish farming operations.
Central Luzon State University (CLSU) OSA Portal – Board of Management for Student Organizations
(2024-05-27) Bilandres, Danica M.; Pallarca, Catherine L.; Sebastian, Jirah C.
The current manual processes for managing student organizations pose challenges such as unclear application and approval requirements, data exposure risks, a lack of awareness about existing student organizations, and the decentralization of important announcements and student organization activities. The developers aimed to design, develop, and implement a web-based system for the CLSU Office of Student Affairs (OSA) Student Organizations Unit (SOU) that encompasses online file submissions, enhanced data security, information on student organizations and membership criteria, and improved announcements and activity dissemination to address the problem. The developers used the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), which focuses on rapid prototyping and user feedback-driven iteration, beginning with a feasibility study, followed by iterative development of prototypes based on user feedback, and the design and build phase ensuring met operational requirements, leading to system deployment and evaluation to achieve these. The system yielded an overall average evaluation score of 4.6, showing strengths in usability, portability, compatibility, and functional adequacy. However, some procedures still need to be handled physically at the request of the client, such as requests for activity permits and accreditation. Precision, accuracy, and user experience were found to have areas for development, highlighting the necessity for continuous improvements. However, the system was successful in streamlining several SOU procedures and made a substantial contribution to the simplification of SOU procedures by providing safe, centralized access in a virtual setting.
CLSU OSA PORTAL - CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT SERVICES UNIT
(2024-06-19) Abulencia, Kevin Paul D.; Laoang, Kristine Joy C.; Panahon, Dave R.
Expert guidance is crucial for individuals in choosing careers, impacting their social, financial, and emotional well-being. Lack of career guidance hampers students' ability to make informed decisions, leading to high unemployment and underemployment, which can negatively affect well-being and economic progress. To address this, a research project aims to develop a web portal for the Career Development and Employment Services Unit (CDESU) of CLSU to offer comprehensive career guidance, facilitate job postings, and track alumni employment status. Developers utilize the Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM), an agile framework, to ensure timely delivery of high-quality software. The CLSU OSA Portal, a web portal for career development and employment services, has been evaluated by administrators, alumni, students, partner companies, and IT experts. The system, which scored an average of 4.3 out of 5 according to ISO 25010 standards, excels in security, usability, performance efficiency, and compatibility. However, it needs improvement in areas like performance efficiency, functional sustainability, and portability. The portal streamlines job application data, career guidance, and report generation, benefiting alumni, students, and partner companies. The successful deployment reflects collaborative efforts and innovation, enhancing the overall quality of life at CLSU. However, further enhancements are needed to fully benefit CLSU and stakeholders. These include personalizing user experience, integrating a matchmaking system, implementing push notifications for administrators and users, and adding a preview page and draft feature before data submission. Implementing these recommendations would enhance user satisfaction and institutional success.
CLSU Smart Interactive Maps/Digital Location Finding Application
(2024-05-31) Leaño, Adrian Paul D.; Villanueva, Eryckjan D.
Central Luzon State University (CLSU) is commonly known for its vast and extensive vicinity that straddles on a 658-hectare campus in the Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. This fact raises a significant question, especially for incoming freshmen students: “How do we know where the classroom or facility is located?” This study aims to provide a user-friendly and intuitive way for students, staff, and visitors to navigate the sprawling university campus and locate buildings, facilities, and services. The smart interactive map/location-finding application is expected to enhance the overall campus experience by reducing confusion and improving accessibility. It will also help promote safety and security.
Comprehensive semestral report at National Irrigation Administration - upper Pampanga river integrated irrigation system (NIA-UPRIIS) Division IV
(2019) Janeth J. Socorro
The two-month field practice program was fulfilled, conducted and completed at the NIA-UPRIIS Division IV, Bayanihan, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. The activity for field practice focused on calibrating and creating stage-discharge ratings of the irrigation canals under NIA-UPRIIS Division IV. The irrigation canals (Penris Main Canals, Lateral G2, Lateral D, Lateral D (acg), Lateral D (bcg), and Guinandusan Creek) are located in Gapan City, Peñaranda and San Miguel. The water depth, canal width and water velocity were used to determine the cross-sectional and water discharge of each irrigation canal. the calibration of canals within areas of NIA-UPRIIS Division IV were done to update the needed water discharge of the irrigation canal. The determined value of discharge was used to generate rating curve and rating table. The rating curves of the canals (Penris Main Canal, Lateral G2, Lateral D, Lateral D (acg), Lateral D (bcg) and Guinandusan Creek) were created using the gauge height and observed discharge. The rating tables were created using the gauge heights, observed discharges, computed discharges and percent differences of the canals. Results revealed that the actual flow rate of penris Main Canal, Lateral G2,Lateral D, Lateral D (acg), Lateral D (bcg) and Guinandusan Creek under NIA-UPRIIS Division IV was higher than the water discharge. The rating curve of Penris Main Canal, Lateral G2, Lateral D, Lateral D (acg), Lateral D (bcg) and Guinandusan Creek shows that as the gauhe height increases, the actual discharge also increases. The rating table of Penris Main Canal, Lateral G2, Lateral D, Lateral D (acg), Lateral D (bcg) and Guinandusan Creek shows that as the gauge height increases, the corresponding discharge also increases.

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