Communities in Granarium

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Testing Functionality
(2026-03-30) Testing 123
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Assessing the potential of Convolutional Neutral Network (CNN) in the detection of diseases of cucurbits
(2024) Vashtine P. Liwanagan and Imman Dieve R. Yarcia
Cucurbits, including cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, squash and gourds, are part of Cucurbitaceae family with a millennia-long historical significance. They have been pivotal to civilization globally, contributing to food security, economic growth, and cultural heritage. In modern agriculture, cucurbits remain indispensable, thriving in diverse climates, providing nutrition and promoting sustainable farming practices. This study utilizes computer vision and machine learning techniques to tackle challenges in cucurbit production, explicitly focusing on disease detection. The objective is to harness convolutional neutral networks CNN) for early disease identification in cucurbit crops, progressing through three phases: identifying common diseases, developing a CNN-based smart detection system, and evaluating system accuracy and reliability. The methodology involves designing a conceptual framework to guide CNN model training for disease detection. Sample images collected from agricultural fields are standardized using an Image data generator. The CNN model is trained to extract relevant features from images, enabling disease classification. Evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, and F1-score, are analyzed using a confusion matrix. Results show promising performance, with an overall accuracy of 73%. Additionally, the study demonstrates the model's improved performance with increasing training epochs, indicating its real-world application potential. In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of computer vision in revolutionizing disease management strategies in cucurbit production. By integrating technology into agricultural practices, farmers can enhance disease detection, mitigate yield losses, and ensure the sustainability and productivity of cucurbit crops.
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Modification of an existing Mung bean Sheller
(2024) Xaiarlle A. Ventura
The main goal of the study was to modify and evaluate an existing mung bean sheller for adaptation in the local adaptation in the local production and postharvest processing of mung bean in the Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. The mung bean sheller was considered with the primary goals of assisting the mung bean farmers in saving time and energy during the shelling process, decreasing the labor-intensive tasks during postharvest, minimizing the health hazard due to pods and dust that may bring allergy, and skin irritation, and minimizing postharvest losses. It has the potential to address the pressing labor shortage issue. The shelling assembly, separation assembly, cleaning assembly and the power transmission assembly comprised the machine’s key components. The feeding hopper is where the mung bean pods are fed. After entering through the hopper, the mung bean pods enter the shelling assembly made of a shelling drum with pegs counter to crush the mung bean pods. Following the shelling process, using an oscillating tray, the mixture of pod, beans and filth are separated. The cleaning assembly of the machine has a radial blower that effects the separation and removal of unwanted materials. The power transmission until was composed of a 6.5 hp gasoline engine as prime mover and combination of belt and pulley. The mung bean sheller was subjected to different shelling drum speed of 350 rpm, 400 rpm, and 450 rpm respectively. This was achieved using pulley diameters of 5 inches, 6 inches and 8 inches, respectively. The analysis of the collected data shows that the highest shelling capacity of 127.78 kg/hr from the use of 450 rpm rotation of the shelling drum resulted to the highest shelling efficiency of 92.93% and highest selling recovery of 92.57%. The same speed resulted to the comparably lower unshelled loss of 7% lowest percentage of mechanically damaged bean of 1.63% while maintaining a high purity of 95.44%. Through the use of 350 rpm to almost comparable performance, the capacity was significantly lower at 110.03 kg/hr only.
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Comprehensive semestral report at Philippine center for postharvest development and mechanization (PHILMECH) funded project in Central Luzon State University [manuscript]
(2019) Yvan Joshua G. Mariano
The field practice was conducted in Central Luzon State University. The field practice was composed of two activities; (1) production of biochar as alternative fuel using pyrolysis carbonization method and (2) production of hydrochar using hydrothermal conversion process. Pyrolysis as a biomass conversion technology is particularly low suited to moisture organic wastes. Thus, if biochar proves a valuable by-product, it could induce more use of pyrolysis conversion that would be applicable to over half the unutilized wastes identified in the state biomass inventory. The objectives for the production of biochar as alternative fuel using pyrolysis carbonization method were to (1) produce fuel pellet from biochar of cacao pod husk, (2) determine the physical characteristics of pelletized cacao pod husk in terms of shatter resistance and durability. The objectives for the production of hydrochar using hydrothermal conversion method were assist in the preparation and hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process of cacao pod husk. The treatments in activity 1 were made in evaluation of the physical characteristics of CPH pellet were different binder proportion and different compaction pressure were used as parameters. The binder is used to strengthening and binding of pellet, 1:15 and 1:20% binder proportion were used in the study. Compaction pressure of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg/cm² were used to test the strength of the pellet. The treatments were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and comparison of means was done using Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hydrothermal carbonization method was done using a 20 liter capacity hydrothermal reactor and the cacao pod husk were carbonized for 12 hours with a temperature of 180°C to produce hydrochar. Results show the significant differences and their effects on the response variables. The higher resistance values as indicator of durability with 97.4 % after drop test were observed on higher percentage of molasses binder (20%) and higher compaction pressure 6 kg/cm². Pellet samples subjected to 2 kg/cm² compaction pressure resulted to the highest flame temperature of 185°C. Pellet subjected to 20% molasses and compacted at 1 kg/cm² resulted to the highest coal temperature of 416°C. Ash weight of pellets subjected to 5 kg/cm² compaction pressure resulted higher mean weights of 3.5 grams. Lab test results of the carbonized cacao pod husk have a higher heating value of 24.55MJ/kg, a moisture content of 1.55%, a fixed carbon content of 48%, and ash content of 23.54%. The moisture content of the hydrochar was found to be 12.35% with volatile combustible matter of 58.59%, fixed carbon of 8.43%, and an ash content of 32.98%.
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Design and evaluation of a laboratory scale torrefaction machine for rice stubbles
(2024) Zack Philip D. Aquino and Melchor M. Song-ag
This study focused on the design and performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale torrefaction machine specifically tailored for rice stubbles. The primary objective was to create a more environmentally friendly torrefaction process by substituting conventional gas heating with induction heating. Experiments were conducted using 100 grams of ground rice stubbles per trial. the trials varied in two key parameters; temperature and residence time. The temperatures tested were 200°C and 250°C, while the residence times were set at 30 and 45 minutes. The machine was evaluated in terms of its performance, which focused on the mass yield, color and hydrophobicity of the torrefied biomass. The results indicated that 250°C for 45 minutes produced the best product, though not necessarily the optimal conditions. Under these conditions, the torrefied biomass exhibited sufficient mass yield and significant hydrophobicity, making it a viable option for various applications, including as a solid biofuel. The findings suggest that with further optimization, this technology could be scaled up for larger applications, contributing to more sustainable agricultural waste management and energy production practices.