Theses and Dissertations

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Fertilizing level of BPI-76 rice variety in factorial treatment combinations
(1966) Victoriano A. Gaborno
The design used was 4 x 23 factorial in randomized complete block, using four levels of fertilizer application, such as 40, 55, 70 and 85 kg. per hectare of N, P, and K applied singly and in all possible combinations of either two and three of the elements at the four aforementioned levels. Results obtained indicate that nitrogen is the most important limiting faster in promoting growth and grain yield of rice. A linear effect was obtained on the yield as the rate of nitrogen was increased. It seems that the optimum amount of nitrogen for this particular rice variety is above 80 kg. per hectare, as determined in this work. All nitrogen-treated plots produced significantly over the control. Phosphorus response was noted. Under the same soil conditions, the level of phosphorus requirement lies between 55 and 70 kg per hectare. Further addition above 70 kg per hectare of phosphorus was not necessary. In this particular study there was no indication for the need for potassium. Nitrogen-pgosphorus combination promoted more grain yield, better than each applied alone. This was the best combination found or all other combinations were less effective. The level found most effective was 85-85-0.
Effect of black plastic mulch on the production of muskmelon during the rainy season
(1970) Chanai Yodpetch
This work was conducted to study the effect of black plastic mulch on the production of muskmelon during the rainy season. The feasibility of the use of black plastic mulch in the production of muskmelon under the conditions of the experiment has been evidently established in this study. Mulched plants grew faster and yielded better than the unmulched plants. However, whether its use is economically feasible needs further study due to the high cost of the plastic material. On the other hand, considering the advantage in the control of weeds, conservation of moisture, more efficient use of fertilizer, in addition to the premium price the crop may have during off-season planting, its use may still be favorably considered.
Response of sunflower to varying plant population and fertilizer application on cultivated and uncultivated riceland
(1972) Vichai Chaisuvanrat
Results of the study revealed significant growth and yield response to both cultivation and fertilizer application. Plant population density showed no appreciable influence on either growth and yield, including the other agronomic variables observed. Furthermore, regardless of plant population density, fertilized sunflower on properly cultivated land, exhibited better growth, produced bigger heads, heavier seeds and consequently higher yield. Percentage filled seeds and the ratio of husk to kernel were not affected by cultivation and plant population but were influenced markedly by fertilizer application. When plants were availed of both cultivation and fertilizer, yield was further improved, indicating that these two factors had beneficial effects.
Influence of various rates of copper sulfate and complete fertilizer on the yield, market and storage quality of onion
(1972) Songdej Panichamitr
Application of complete fertilizer (12-24-12) at the rate of 400 to 600 kg/ha in combination with different concentrations of copper sulfate showed comparable effects on the growth and yield of two onion varieties. It appeared that yield increased with increasing rate of fertilizer. Yellow Excel produced significant yield over Red Creole. However, in terms of keeping quality, Red Creole was more superior over that of Yellow Excel after three months storage, irrespective of fertilizer treatments. The lots treated with copper sulfate had apparently better bulb weigjht after storage. However, storing quality w.
Performance of different lines within varieties of sunflower introduced from different countries under CLSU conditions
(1972) Somchai Ruenpanich
Results of the study disclosed considerable variability among entries within some of the groups on many important agronomic variables taken into consideration. These characteristics included among others height at flowering and at maturity, number of leaves per plant, size of flower head, weight of filled seeds per head and weight of filled seeds and percentage sterility, size of seed, ratio of kernelto hull. The variety Mingren from Taiwan was found to possess a number of desirable characters. Similarly, the same variety, Mingren (Taiwan) registered the highest numerical yield of seeds. Variety Commander from USA and USDA as well as Peredovik from Isarael ranked second insofar as their potentials and yielding ability compared to the rest of the varieties in their respective group are concerned. However, these varieties did not show any notable statistical edge over the other.
Sunflower seed production as influence by varying levels of fertilizer and plant population
(1972) Surasal Passatayangkul
Results revealed that no significant difference exists between varieties. The different levels of complete fertilizer and the interaction between distance and levels of fertilizer were significant on diameter of head. The distance of 15 centimeters between hills exhibited significantly better growth increment, weight of seed/plot, with better oil content both actual and dry basis. At lower population rate the head size increased correspondingly with considerable increase in the weight of 100 seed andweight of seed per head. However, distance of 15 centimeters gave the highest yield.
Effects of low and high levels of dietary protein concentrate supplements to the roughage rations on growth of Murrah Buffalo Calves
(1972) Chalermpol Payat-Tapin
A 16-week feeding study was conducted using 15 Murrah buffalo calves with ages ranging from 13 to 19 months, distributed at random to five treatments (rations) of three calves each. These animals wre each housed and fed in individual stalls. The treatments consisted of the following: Lot I, napier soilage plus the present CLSU concentrate ration (control); Lot II, napier soilage plus low protein concentrate; Lot III, rice straw and low protein concentrate; Lot IV, napier soilage plus high protein concentrate; and Lot V, rice straw plus high protein concentrate. Comparisons among treatments were made on the basis of co-variance analysis. Criteria for growth of the calves studied under the different treatments were gains in live-weight, height at the withers, length of the body, and circumference at the heart girth. Other observations made were feed conversion efficiency and general health of the animals. The results showed that calves on napier soilage and high protein concentrate feeding regime (Lot Iv) made significant mean gains in body weight, height at the withers and circumference at the heart girth over the calves in the other treatments. Lot IV calves also made the highest feed conversion efficiency. The calves on diets of rice straw and high protein concentrate ration made an overall better performance compared to the calves in Lot I, II and III indicating the possible utilization of rice straw, especially during the dry months of the year when green forage is not readily available, provided given proper protein supplementation. The comparatiely less satisfactory performance of the calves in Lot I given the present CLSU concentrate ration for growing calves in indicative of sub-normal dairy management practice and the need for change is imperative. Under the conditions of this study and at prevailing prices of feedstuffs, the overall costs of feed to make a kilogram gain in weight were P1.89, P2.27, P2.57, P3.36, and P3.89 for Lots IV, V, II, I, and III, respectively.
The Reesterification of Rice Bran Oil
(1972) Carolina R. Medina
Studies have been made on the reaction of rice bran oil with added glycerol in order to utilize the reaction as a possible means of lowering the free fatty acid content of high acid oils. Results show that reesterification is favored by an increase in temperature and an increase in glycerol concentration. Time temperature concentration interactions are indicated. Addition of catalysts, notably MnO2, ZnCl2, and PbO, favors reesterification resulting in the significant decrease in free fatty acids. Examination of the reaction product shows that the reaction leads to a change in glyceride composition of the oil.
Effect of ethrel treatment of fruit ripening of peppers
(1974) Somrong Supasirimatakon
The different concentration of ethrel had significantly reduced the percentage of green fruits of the Yolo Wonder and Anaheim Green Chill varieties. This is particularly true for the 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm rates, which obtained average percentages green fruits per plant of 36.34, 24.18 and 17.64, respectively. The no ethrel treatment produced an average of 60.72 percent green fruits per plant. This shows that check plots gav a higher percentage of green fruits than the treated plots, and with each increase in ethrel concentration the percentage of green fruits decreased. On the other hand, the higher concentrations of ethrel had significantly increased the percentage of red fruits. This is disclosed by the 750 ppm rate which produced a mean of 60.75 percent per plant, specially, when ethrel was applied at the breaker pink stage. The weight of red fruits and yield per plot were not affected by ethrel. However, the varieties had markedly influenced these characters as shown by the significant difference that resulted between them.
Effect of Ethrel on Sex Expression and Yield of Cucumbe
(1974) Winai Sumpoundlek
This investigation was conducted to study the effect of ethrel on the sex expression, growth and development of four varieties of cucumber. The plants were sprayed at various stages of development (seedling and flower bud formation) with rates of 100, 200 and 300 ppm. Results of the study showed smaller plant size, increased femaleness, earlier maturity and increased total yield in cucumber varieties Native, Table Green, Half Long Green Improved and Palomar. Ethrel treatments of 100 to 200 ppm applied at seedling stage and at flower bud formation seem to give the most desired effects under the conditions of the experiment.
Rice straw and molasses-urea as feed supplements for Thai native first-calf Heifers during Dry Season
(1975) Buenaventura A. Malabayabas
This study was done to determine whether rice straw and molasses-urea mixture as feed supplements to Thai native first-calf heifer cows on pasture during dry season could be applied in practice. The experiment was divided into two regimes: the supplemented, designed to fall on the dry season and the unsupplemented, designed to fall on the start of the rainy seasob. Two by two factorial in randomized complete block design was used in the analysis of the data. No significant differences were found in weight gain among treatments during the supplemented, non-supplemented and whole experimental periods. A high correlation coefficient between body weight and heartgirth which had a value of 0.7844 was obtained.
Planting date trial of four varieties of sweet peas
(1976) Vivat Charnsomboon
This study was conducted to determine the effect of planting dates on the performance of four varieties of sweet peas, namely: Giant, Mammoth Melting Sugar, Chinese, and Myra Green under CLSU conditions. Experimental results, revealed significant differences among the varieties as to growth and yield. Giant, Mammoth Melting Sugar and Chinese varieties outgrow and outyielded Myra Green. The differences, however, could be attributed to genetics. The first three varieties are considered tall, whereas the last variety is considered dwarf. The effect of planting dates on the yield, likewise showed significant differences. Mammoth Melting Sugar variety yielded significantly better than the other varieties when planted in the month of September. On the other hand, Giant outperformed the other varieties when planted in October and December. For November and December, Chinese and Giant varieties produced significantly higher yields than Mammoth Melting Sugar and Myra Green varieties. November planting seems to be the most suitable time for planting peas under CLSU conditions.
Field evaluation of carbofuran 2F, ethion E.C. and azodrin 168 for the control of thrips (Thrio tabaei L.) in garlic/ [manuscript]
(1976) Carlos C. Abon Jr
The study was conducted to test the effectiveness of various rates of Carbonfuran 2F and Ethion E.C. against the major insect pests of garlic under field conditions. Six treatments including the control and Azodrin 163 as standard were tried in the field using the randomized complete block experimental design. Results of the study revealed that the different dosages of the insecticides used significantly influenced insect infestation, growth and development, and yield of garlic. The application of 10 cc Furadan 2F and 15 cc Azodrin 168 mixed with 7 litters of water appeared effective in the control of thrips in garlic. They can be applied at two weeks intervals starting at the onset of thrips infestation. It is recommended that other evaluation for pest control in garlic plantation.
Farmers' response to the Philippine Cotton Production Program
(1979) Carmelita S. dela Cruz; TBD Supervisor
Language Farmers' response to the Philippine Cotton Production Program Carmelita S. dela Cruz. Call #: MT 0101 D45 1979 Sublocation: Theses and Serials Section Local copies available: 1 of 1. There are no off-site copies of this title. See all... This study sought farmers' aspirations, motivations, perceptions and attitudes towards selected aspects of the Philippine Cotton Production Program, and finally, their response to the program in terms of the adoption of the recommended cultural and management practices in cotton. One hundred twenty-six farmers were the respondents in this study. The data were gathered by means of a structured interview schedule. The major findings were: Cotton farmers had an average age of 45.97. All respondents except three were married. The average family size was five. The majority had formal schooling and had been farming for an average of 22 years. Their average gross annual income was P4,484.00; however, 87.44 percent had other sources of income. The main motivations of farmers for venturing into this endeavor were economic, impelled and motivation for competency in cotton farming. Age of the cotton farmer was significantly related to the farmers' perception of the recommended cultural and management practices and the availability of production credit. Level of education was found to have a significant but negative relationship with availability of production credit and production inputs. Income was found to be significantly related to the economic aspect of the cotton production program and farming experience was found to be significantly related to the farmers' perception of the recommended cultural and management practices, and the economic aspect of the program. The preferred age of the technician was found to be significantly related to the farmers' perception of the recommended cultural and management practices. Accessibility of the technician was found to be significantly related to the farmers' perception of the recommended practices, availability of production credit and inputs. Frequency of contact with the technician was found to be significantly related to the recommended practices, availability of production credit and production inputs and the economic aspect of the program, while the perceived competence of the technician was found to be significantly related to the farmers' perception of the recommended cultural and management practices, and the availability of production credit and inputs. On attitude, the level of educational attainment was significantly related to the farmers' attitude on the recommended cultural and management practices and the availability of production inputs. Income was significantly related to the farmers' attitude towards the recommended practices and the economic aspect of the program. Farming experience was significantly related to the farmers' attitude on the recomended cultural and management practices, the availability of production credit, availability of production inputs and the economic aspect of the program. The accessibility of the technician was significantly related to the farmers' attitude towards the availability of production inputs. Frequency of contact with the technician was found to be significantly related to the farmers' attitude toward the recommended cultural and management practices and to the economic aspect of the program. The perceived competence of the technician was found to have a relationship with the farmers' attitude towards the availability of production credit and the economic aspect of the program. Adoption was found to have a significant relationship with the farmers' peerception and attitude towards recommended cultural and management practices in cotton.
Laboratory tests for determining drought resistance in soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merrill)
(1981) Julito B. Aleta
Three laboratory methods for determining drought resistance in crop plants were evaluated using three drought resisant and one drought susceptible field tested soybean lines. The seed germination and seedling growth test showed that the four soybean lines had similar percentage germination when treated with polyethylene glycol-6000 solution up to -5 bars of osmotic pressure. However, highly significant differences among the lines were observed in seedling characters like percentage of dry matter and length of hypocotyl and radicle. The chlorophyll stability index (CSI) test was not able to distinguish drough resistant from drought susceptible soybean lines. Results of the proline test of stressed plants indicated highly significant genotypic differences among the lines. Seedling growth under high osmotic pressure and proline accumulation in stressed leaves were good determinants in evaluating drought susceptible from drought resistant soybean lines.
The effects of simulated drought conditions on the growth and development of various corn varieties (Zea mays L.)
(1984) Phawinee Chotikunta
The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Department of Crop Science, CLSU, from January 5, 1984 to May 30, 1984 to evaluate the physiological and other agronomic characteristics of four corn varieties grown under various osmotic pressures and soil moisture conditions. Factorial in completely randomized design with three replications was used. Four corn varieties, namely IPB 218, IPB Var, 1, DMR Comp. 2 and UPCA Var. 1, five osmotic pressure levels, 0 bar 9control), -5 bars, -10 bars, -15 bars and -20 bars and irrigation treatments, non-stress and stress conditions were used. The results show that under stress conditions corn varieties IPB 218 and UPCA Var. 1 produced higher leaf free-proline content at all levels of osmotic pressure, while DMR Comp. 2 produced the highest leaf total sugar content among the varieties. Plants subjected to stress had higher degree of free-proline accumulation as well as total sugar content which increased with increasing levels of osmotic pressure. Based on the result, IPB 218 and UPCA Var. 1 are more resistant to early water stress condition while DMR Comp. 2 and IPB Var. 1 exhibited greater degree of resistance to limiting water conditions at later stages of growth. All varieties differed significantly in terms of ear leaf area, ear diameter, ear height, days to silking, plant height and 100-kernel weight but no significant variations on ear length, number of kernels per ear and grain yield per plant were noted. Non-stressed plants had significantly greater ear leaf area, wider and longer ear, higher ear height values, better production of kernels per ear, higher 100-kernel weight and grain yield per plant than stressed plants. The imposition of water stress during the germination stage provided a conditioning, i.e., hardening effect, as evident to the increased ability to resist moisture stress imposed at the later stages of growth of the corn plant.
The adoption of high-yielding varieties and fertilizer application among rice farmers in Tarai, Nepal
(1985) Ramesh L. Karna
The study tried to determine the relationship of some selected variables which influenced the farmers' acceptance of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and fertilizer application (FA). It involved three hundred farmer-respondents from six village panchayats of Tarai. It had the following objectives: (1) to describe socio-economic characteristics of respondents; (2) to identify social, economic, diffusion, and support facilities factors associated with the adoption of HYVs and FA in rice production; (3) to determine the degrees and rate of adoption of said cultural practices; (4) to determine the relationship of selected variables to the adoption of HYVs and FA; and (5) to suggest communication channels suited to Nepalese (Tarai) conditions for rice production. Data showed that farmer-respondents were males. Their average age was 40.66 years. The average rice farm size was 3.28 hectares. The 57.67 per cent of respondents adopted HYVs while 62 per cent had been applying fertilizer. The estimated rate of adoption of HYVs was 0.478 per year; while the adoption rate for FA was 0.624. Results revealed that variables such as age, educational attainment, size of family, size of rice farm, income from rice farm, tenurial sttus, cost of inputs, information from neighbors, contact with extension workers, radio agriculture programs, farm demonstrations, irrigation facility, credit facility, and marketing facility were highly associated with the adoption of HYVs and FA. On the other hand, farming experience did not show significant relationship with the adoption of HYVs and FA. Results further showed that the communication channels in rice cultivation were extension workers, neighbors, radio agriculture programs, Pradhan panchas (head of village panchayat), and friends and relatives. Based on findings and observations made, the following recommendations are given: (10 a system of a continuing supply of farm information to extension workers for regular dissemination to farmers should be developed; (2) adaptive research should be conducted on the farmers' socio-economic environment and translated into a form more understandable to them; (3) facilities such as irrigation system, timely provision of inputs, superior quality of seeds, crop insurance, and crop protection programs need careful study for whatever implementation they deserve; and (4) related studies on psycho-social, cultural, political, institutional, and technological variables as these influencing adoption of particular farm practices should be done in the other regions of the country.
Correlates of perceptions and attitudes of farmers toward Community Leadership Training Program in Chiangmai, Thailand
(1985) Jirapron Peng-Ont
The overall objective of this study was to determine the perceptions and attitudes of farmers toward the COLT Program and to identify some socio-demographic, socio-economic, psycho-social and experience variables which may be associated with their perceptions and attitudes. The study was confined to the four target villages of the second phase of the COLT Program in Chiangmai. A total of 384 respondents were studied. Majority of the respondents were males (76.82%) and married (78.12%) with a mean age of 37.47 years and had finished only up to the primary grade school. The mean family income of all respondents was 16,689.06 bahts (B1.4 : P1). The average farm size of respondents, on the other hand, was 7.33 rais (1.17 hectares). They had engaged in farming for an average of 19 years, and majority were either owner-farmers or share tenants. Of the total respondents, 41.67 per cent have been involved in the program as actual participants. Most of them claimed to have had satisfactory and very satisfactory experience although they were mostly governed by self-oriented motives. As to perception, 45.57 per cent of the respondents were fully aware of the program, 31.77 per cent were slightly aware and 22.66 per cent declared unawareness. However, 96.8 per cent of the respondents were in agreement with the COLT program. The rest were neutral or had disagreed with the different aspects of the program. As a whole, farmers trained under the COLT Program had higher perception and attitude levels than those untrained under the said program. The socio-demographic characteristics found to be related with perception of selected aspects of the COLT Program were educational attainment and marital status. Family level, size of farms, and farm tenure status were the socio-economic variables related to it. Psycho-social characteristics were also found to be related with perception. Information-seeking activities, actual involvement, nature of involvement and nature of experience were the experience variables related to the same. However, none of the socio-demographic, socio-economic, psycho-social characteristics nor experience variables considered in the study were related with attitude toward the COLT Program. Regardless of their characteristics, the respondents had a high attitude level towards the program. The data seem to show that none of the included variables were related to attitude, however, if one looks at the total samples, the results would indicate that the perceptions and attitudes of farmers toward the nature, philosophy, objectives, and activities of the COLT Program were strongly related. farmers with high perceptions also had high attitude levels.
Agronomic, biochemical and physiological responses of some spring wheat (Triticum alstivum L. em thell) cultivars to drought stress at reproductive stage
(1985) Gokarna Bahadur Gharti-Chhetri
Wheat crops are most likely to experience drought after anthesis under most growing conditions in the humid tropics. Nine spring wheat cultivars (seven from Nepal and two from the Philippines) grown in pots were exposed to 4, 8, 12 and 16 days of water stress starting at 50% head emergence by withholding water under glass house conditions. The treatments were arranged on a two-factorial in completely Randomized design, replicated four times. Concurrent measurements of leaf water potential (LWP), upper (Ru) and lower leaf surface (R1) stomatal resistances of flag leaf; soil moisture content (SMC) and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) determination were made through a 16-day period after cessation of irrigation. Free proline was determined from the same flag leaves. Grain protein content, yield and its components were also determined. Highly significant variety x stress duration interaction effect was observed on stomatal resistance (Rs), LWP, NRA, grain weight, harvest index (HI), SMC but it was not significant in number of grains/spike. NL 370, NL 496, NL 292 and Siddhartha exhibited drought avoidance by maintaining relatively higher LWP under water stress. Rs increased more on the lower than in the upper leaf surface under drought stress. Lerma 52, Triveni and Trigo 1 had sharp rise in their Rs even at mild stress in contrast to other varieties which had gradual increase in Rs as the drought progressed. Early maturing cultivars, namely: NL 496, NL 370, Siddartha and NL 292 had higher NRA than late-maturing cultivars under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. NRA decreased with increase in drought duration. Leaf proline and grain protein content increased as the drought progressed. Leaf proline had significant correlation with LWP (r = -0.80**), SMC (r = -0.48**) and Rs (r = 0.56**). Grain protein had strong negative correlation with SMC, LWP, grain filling duration and 100-grain weight. NL 496, NL 370, NL 292 and Trigo 2 had the higher SMC under different drought durations. Drought enhanced maturity and grain filling duration. Early maturing cultivars had longer grain filling duration than late-maturing ones. Drought affected the number of grains/spike and 100-grain weight. Genotypic variability in grain set was noted under water stress. Lerma 52 gave the highest but Siddhartha and NL 292 gave the lowest biological yield under water stress. Trigo 1 and Trigo 2 gave the highest grain yield under non-stress condition while Siddhartha, NL292, NL 370 and NL 495 produced the maximum grain yield and also HI unde stressed conditions. Considering the responses under different drought stress, early maturing namely Siddartha, NL 292, NL 370 and NL 496 are classified as the drought resisant and mid, late-maturing namely: Trigo i, UP 262, Lerma 52 and Triveni as the drought susceptible cultivars.
Rice farmers' perception of training needs in Tanahun District, Nepal
(1985) Krishna C. Sharma
The research sought to study some independent variables associated with respondents, and ascertain the relationship of these variables with dependent one. Also, it tried to identify the training needs on selected rice practices. The research was conducted in Tanahan district, Nepal. Data were gathered through interview schedule with 150 rice-farmers obtained by randomly sampling 30 farmers from each of the five sample Panchayats of the district. Data reveal that respondents had a mean age of 47.80 years, educational attainment of 4.92 class, farming experience of 30.56 years and farm size of 19.86 ropanis (nearly equal to 1 ha). Farmers' availment of most institutional services was between "little" and "moderate" degrees, and most communication media services that were availed of were between "very seldom" and "seldom" frequencies. Plant protection practice in rice cultivation was perceived as highly needed followed by fertilizer management while marketing and harvesting received the lowest score for the need, in that order. Non-significant relationship was found between independent variables, i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, availment of institutional services by respondents, and exposure to communication media, and the dependent variable, i.e., perception of training needs on selected rice practices, with the exception of civil status and farming experience having highly significiant relationships with plant protection and marketing practices, respectively. The exception also includes agricultural extension services which had highly significant and significant relationship with water management and post-harvest technology, respectively. Agricultural input, agricultural credit, and farmer-leaders/farmer-assistants' services were significantly related with nursery establishment practices. Similarly, agricultural credit and agricultural marketing services had highly significant relationship with water management practices. Another exception is farmers' group meetings having significant and highly significant relationships with record keeping and water management, respectively. Likewice, radio agricultural programs was related significantly with water management and marketing practices, while printed agricultural materials had highly significant relationship with water management. The follow-up test on four independent variables, i.e., age, educational attainment, farming experience and farm size was performed using Spearman's rank order correlation. Results show that the perception of different groups was significantly related except for educational attainment. Perception of "low" educated groups differed significantly from "high" educated groups.

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