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- ItemComprehensive semestral report on the field practice at The Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology (PhilSCAT)(2024) Aries Jan C. AvellanedaField practice serves as a pivotal bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical application in various disciplines. Field practice encompasses a spectrum of experiential learning activities conducted outside traditional classroom settings. It offers a hand-on approach to reinforce theoretical concepts, fostering deeper understanding and skill acquisition. Whether in scientific research, social sciences or professional training, field practice plays crucial role in nurturing competent practitioners. The field practice primarily focused on the performance evaluation of drone technology has advanced significantly over the last two decades in terms of flight stability, sensor capability, battery life and price. Because of these improvements, drones are now more widely available and useful for a variety of industries, including agriculture. However, there aren't many reputable studies on RPAS because they are still relatively new and developing technology. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the RPAS' spreading system was evaluated using application rate given its parameters. performance parameters such as output rate, uniformity of distribution and application rate were analyzed. the data were analyzed using ASABE methods of test. Each test had three replicates each at a single flight application of the RPAS to assess the application rate of the rice seeding. The field practice focused second with the performance evaluation of complete rice milling machine for well milled rice. Rice milling is an important part of the Philippine agriculture business considering the country is one of the world's major rice growers and consumers. Rice milling is the process of removing the outer husk, bran and germ from paddy rice to create polished rice that is ready to eat. The average initial weight of the initial paddy was 198.67 kilograms (5 cavans), while the average weight of milled rice produced was 146.5 kg. The rice mill has a computed machine recovery of 73.73%. The proportion of head rice for each 200-gram sample was determined to be 84.72%, whereas the average percentage of broken rice is 16.21%. The study was done on a single rice variety, the IR 58025B (B-LINE). Other activities were carried out throughout the time spent at the facility, the majority of which involved equipment operation and familiarization. machine operation and familiarization are critical for agricultural engineers. Agricultural engineers design, develop and optimize agricultural machinery and equipment. To execute these activities effectively, they must have hands-on experience and a thorough grasp of the machinery thet deal with. Agricultural engineers who become expert machine operators may guarantee that equipement is run efficiently, increasing production and reducing downtime. Machine operation and failiarization are critical for agricultural engineers to improve their technical abilities, make educated equipment decisions, troubleshoot problems, assure safety and communicate effectively with farmers.
- ItemPerformance evaluation of solar dehaydrator for excess produce [manuscript](2019) Arvin Jay B. JimenezThe general objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of solar dehydrator for excess produce (SDEP). The study also aimed to: (1) evaluate the SDEP in terms of air flow, heat energy, temperature and relative humidity; (2) evaluate the SDEP in terms of drying rate, drying time, and moisture content reduction; and (3) perform a simple cost analysis. The study was conducted at the Institute for Climate Change and Environmental Management, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines from April-May 2019. The machine efficiently captured the heat of the sun anytime of the day. The color was made black to enhance its heat absorption capacity. Also, solar panel was installed to run the exhaust fan without using any electricity. Inside the drying chamber was composed of three drying trays. The drying process was done from 8:00am to 5:00pm everyday until the weight of the samples became constant. Results revealed that the airflow of SDEP was 9.55 m/s and the total amount of heat was 457.98 W. In terms of mositure content, okra has the highest moisture content having 11.42 grams of water per gram of dry solid gw/gs, followed by mushroom having 7.75 gw/gs and onion which has 7.17 gw/gs. The samples were dried up to 0.14 gw/gs for onion, 0.13 gw/gs for mushroom and 0.11 gw/gs for okra. The commodities were dried 20% faster using the solar dehaydrate with an average drying rate of 98.71%hr compared to the traditional method which was the open air sun drying. While the average drying rate of an open air sun drying was 88.08%hr. The average drying time of onion was 13.89 hours, 5.89 hours for mushroom and 10 hours for okra. All dried samples were brought to CLSU-AFTBI to test water activity. The dried samples using solar dehaydrator had an average of 0.390 while the samples that were dried an open air hot an average of 0.376. Therefore, frying using SDEP is safe microbial growth. The computed fixed cost and variable cost of SDEP were Php 8,645/yr and Php 29,970, respectively. The total cost of drying of was Php 268.16/kg while the breakeven point was 11.81 kg/year.
- ItemEVALUATION OF PHILRICE PROTOTYPE MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE BAGGER FOR OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)(2024) Aldrin M. Gaspar; Melvin John B. CaraMushroom production in the Philippines involves several steps and a considerable amount of time in producing substrates and bagging them for cultivation. Although many mushroom substrate baggers are available in various countries, only a few of them are available in the market, and there is a lack of technical information about them. Developing a machine for filling mushroom bags is one way to increase mushroom production. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate a mushroom substrate bagger and compare it with traditional mushroom bagging. The comparison was made based on the capacity, height, weight and density of substrates produced in polypropylene bags. Results showed that the mushroom substrate bagger had a capacity of 0.419 bag/min. the time it took to bag the substrate increased by 139%, which affected the machine’s capacity. The mushroom substrate bagger finished 40 bags of samples with a mean height, weight, volume and density of 20.7237 cm, 842.3525 g, 1693.40 cm ³, and 0.497 g/ cm ³ respectively. In contrast, the traditional mushroom substrate bagging can finish 1 bag/min, with a mean of height, weight, volume and density of 23 cm, 750 g, 1879.34 cm³ and 0.399 g/cm³. This study highlights the potential of the mushroom substrate bagger in optimizing mushroom production processes. Despite the increase in bagging time, the findings provide valuable insights for the industry, emphasizing the need for further exploration and adoption of advanced technologies to enhance efficiency in mushroom cultivation.
- ItemDrip-irrigated hydroponic system for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production using different growing media with and without cooling system [manuscript](2019) Anthony D. DigaThe study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the systems in the production of lettuce using different growing media with and without thermoelectric cooler. A total of 360 plants were grown in growing mix medium of rice hull and coco peat. Temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse were monitored daily. Water quality parameters are also maintained at ideal levels adjusted using nutrient solution. A and B which was recorded daily from planting to harvesting. The Peltier Thermoelectric Cooler (PTEC) was used to reduce the temperature of water in the system and uses labyrinth type drip pipe to irrigate the test crop. Height, weight and number of leaves of the lettuce were gathered and treatments were analyzed statistically. However, production cost of drip hydroponic system with and without cooling system under greenhouse was also carried out. Results show that the production of lettuce in drip hydroponic systems using PTECT has reduced the temperature of nutrient solution up to 1 °C although temperature and relative humidity are beyond the ideal levels which also affected the quality of the nutrient solution. The availability of nutrients in the solution has impeded the growth and those planted in system without cooling method in terms of average yield with higher mean value of 17.17 g compared to without cooling with 17.00 g. Moreover, system with thermoelectric coolet consumed les water. In terms of water productivity, those lettuce planted in system with thermoelectric cooler receives a higher value of 6.27g/L while without cooling was 5.98 g/L which means that higher water percentage in plants has increased the crop productivity of hydroponic in tropical climate. However plant height and yield produced in the two systems are comparable in using the two growing media. It reveals that the system has produced an average yield of 6.12 kg per cycle and the production cost of the systems were amounted to Php. 450.56/kg.
- ItemDevelopment of an Automated Mushroom pasteurizing machine(2024) Allyssa Mae C. Mendoza; Kharl Aidan D. RayoAs one of the high valued crops in the world, mushroom production for both commercial and research purposes starts to grow. The purpose of this research work was to design, fabricate and automate a mushroom pasteurizer under Arduino-platformed control systems. Through optimization of the mentioned pasteurization parameters-temperature, relative humidity, the box-like design of the pasteurizer had dimensions 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1300 mm, with a capacity to hold 125 mushroom fruiting bags, and was fitted with an Arduino-based controller to maintain set conditions within it. Conducted at the College of Engineering Farm, Central Luzon State University (CLSU), researchers enhanced traditional pasteurization methods by adding a temperature and humidity controller. Sensors ensured consistent temperature and humidity distribution, achieving optimal ranges of 90-96 degrees Celsius and 93-96% relative humidity. The study examined the effects of three pasteurization durations (4, 6 and 8 hours) on mushroom growth. Findings showed than an 8-hour pasteurization period yielded the best results, with the lowest contamination rate of 14.4% and the longest colonization averaging 14.8 cm over three weeks. The developed system, incorporating an ESP board, heating coils, and relays, successfully automated the pasteurization process, improving efficiency and consistency in mushroom production.