Theses and Dissertations

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Anti-inflammatory and a-amylase inhibitory activities of mycelia and culture spent extracts of Oudemansiella canarii
(2019) Krizia H. Tintero
Oudemansiella canarii, from the family Physalactriaceae, is an edible mushroom commonly found growing on trunks and twigs of dead trees. Fallen logs, and pile of wood chips. In order to establish the pharmacological potentials, the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities were assessed using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and a-amylase assay, respectively. The chorioallantoic memebrane inhibition assay revealed that O. canarii culture spent extract at 1000 ug/mL concentration recorded the highest inflammation inhibition of 95.24% which was almost comparable to the quercetin. Onthe otehr hand, ethanolic extracts of both mycelia and culture spent showed no inhibitory activity against a-amylase.
Antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized ethnobotanicals of the Ilongot-Egongot community against Water Borne bacteria
(2019) Niña Andrean D. Ramos
Antibacterial properties of selected plant ethanolic extract against water-borne bacteria
(2019) Goldwin Grace V. Reyes
In this study, the antibacterial potentials of the identified Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb Persea americana Mill, Syzigium cumini 9Linn.) Skeels, Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. and Gliricidia sepium (jacq) Kunth ex Steud leaves and shoots ethanol extracts were evaluated against water borne bacteria namely: Enterobacter cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. Forty(40) grams of pulverized air-dried plant samples were soaked with 400 ml of 95% ethanol in 72 hours. Extraction and rotary evaporation were done, the ethanolic extracts of the plant samples were subjected to eradicant and protectant test aginst E. cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. that were isolated from water wage canal. Zone of inhibition and colonization were observed. results showed that in the eradicant test, only ethanolic extracts of E. tereticorns inhibits the growth of E. cloacae. On the other hand, all the ethanolic extracts inhibits the growth of Exiguobacterium sp. after 24 hours of incubation. meanwhile, in the protectant test, all the extract showed to be negative against E. cloacae and Exiguobacterium sp. after 24 hours of incubation. This implies the antibacterial activity of the aforementioned plant samples against water borne bacteria.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chickens from selected poultry dressing plants of Central Luzon
(2019) Lattizia Danyelle P. Vega
Antibiotics are used by humans and animals for treatment of disease, feed, efficiency and growth improvement. Bacterial species became resistant to different antibiotics resulting to high morbidity and mortality rate due to use and misuse of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to isolate Salmonella from caecal contents of the broiler chicken and assess its antimicrobial resistance to different antimicrobial agents. A total number of 72 samples were collected from selected Accredited Poultry Dressing Plants of Central Luzon . Out of this 72 samples, 66 showed positive results for the detection of Salmonella spp. through Vitek GN card. All isolates were found to be sensitive to 5 antimicrobials, namely: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Tigecycline and Colistin and resistant to 4 antimicrobials, namely Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime Axetil, Cefoxitin and Gentamicin. Moreover, all Salmonella spp. isolates were multiple drug resistant since they were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobials. The Salmonella spp. isolated in this study are resistant to different antimicrobial agents, specifically, antimicrobial agents used in poultry farming.
Detection and monitoring of coliform in drinking waster system in barangay Matias, Talavera, Nueva Ecija and its antibiotic sensitivity profiles
(2023) Frinz Nathaniel M. Capuras
Access to clean water is a basic human right and its essential for the survival of living organisms. Water also serves as a vehicle for the transportation of microorganisms, including human-associated bacteria. The study aimed to detect the presence of coliform bacteria in ten drinking water samples obtained from tap and manual water hand pumps. the results revealed that all tap water samples, tested negative for coliform detection, except for one sample which is utility water 4. In contrast, all samples from manual hand pumps tested positive for coliform, except for one sample which is ground water 3. Further analysis indicated that four out of the five samples that are tested to be positive for coliform contained the indicator organism, Escherichia coli, while ground water 2 did not. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the E.coli isolates showed that all were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, except for the isolate from ground water 1, which exhibited multidrug resistance to five antimicrobials. These findings provide valuable data for assessing and addressing water potability issues associated with manual hand pumps, and emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of tap water quality. All of the water from the sampling sites tested are potable, except for the locations where the presence of coliform was detected.
Distribution and species listing of wild macrofungi in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija Philippines
(2023) Franz Seyhan R. Corpuz
The profile of natural habitat, physical distribution, and taxonomic listing of naturally occurring macrofungi on Mt. Mingan, Barangay Sawmill, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija Philippines are presented in this paper. Purposive sampling and opportunistic sampling was conducted once a month at the three collection sites from February to march 2023. Most macrofungi were found to be gregarious and forest-dwelling, which grew and thrived on decomposing tree trunks, branches, stumps and fallen logs, with a pH level ranging from 3.81 to 8.01. The macrofungi's physical distribution was significantly influenced by the collection site, collection month, and elevation, including varying vegetation as substrates, climatic conditions including temperature, humidity and precipitation and human disturbances. Among the three collection sites and three collection months, collection site C (65.91%) and April (59.09%) recorded the highest percentage composition of macrofungal species. Macrofungi grew at the lowest elevation of 212 masl to the highest elevation of 324 masl. However, most macrofungi were located at 291-320 masl (61.36%). the 89 collected macrofungi were morphologically identified and taxonomically classified under six classes, 21 families, 36 genera and 44 species. Out of 44 species, 19 were morphologically identified down to the genus level only, while 25 were identified down to the species level. Most macrofungi species belong to the classAgaricomycetes, wherein Polyporaceae had the most number of species. Microporus xanthopus (Fr.) Kuntze and Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) were observed consecutively in all collection sites and collection months. Four macrofungi were successfully tissue-cultured. Thus, Mt. Mingan harbors many macrofungal species with prospective applications.
Effect of ethanol extract of wild fruiting body of Trametes suaveolens on the food intake and locomotion of N2 wild strain Caenorhabditis elegans
(2019) Leomark N. Parocha
Trametes suaveolens is one of the macrofungi that grwos on rotting log. This study evaluated the effects of fruiting body extract of T. suaveolens on the food intake and locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans. The active components of mushroom were obtained using ethanol as solvent. The nematode lethality assay, pharyngeal behavior assay and locomotion assay were determined after exposure to different concentrations of the extract. A 1000 ug/mLextract was found to be moderately roxic at 120 hours post treatment exposure (hpte). At the same concentration, pumping rate was reduced having 59 pumps per minute at 48 hours post-treatment and 15.17 pumps/minute at 120 hpteand decreased to 2.5 reversal/minute at 120 hpte. On the other hand, in roaming locomotion, 1000 ug/mL exposed nematodes recorded 22.523 body bends/minute at 48 hour and increased to 24.33 body bends/minute at 120 hpte.
Identification and evaluation of enzymatic ability of fungal endophytes in Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
(2019) Rommel Dave C. Reyes
Citrofortunella microcarpa, belonging to family Rutaceae, is one of the most important commercial fruit crops grown in the Philippines. Endophytes are found in various plant tissue types. Endophytic fungi produce valuable enzymes that are relatively unexplored which are useful to pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the enzymatic ability of endophytic fungi isolated from C. microcarpa stem and leaves that would provide an information on the diversity and ability to produce fungal enzymes. The present study evaluated the fungal enzymatic ability of fungal endophytes found in C. microcarpa leaves and stem. Fungal isolates were identified based on their cultural and morphological caharacteristics. then, their identity were confirmed using molecular methods. isolated fungi were tested for their ability to produce amylase, cellulase, laccase and protease. A total of 11 fungal endophytes where isolated from stem and leaves of Citrofortunella microcarpa namely: Collectrichum fracticola, Collectotrichum siamense, Fusarium oxysporium, lasiodiplodia theobromae, Nigrospora oryzae, Nigrospora rubi, Nodulisporium indicum, Colletorichum, gloeosporiodes, Phomposis azadirachtae, Phyllosticta capitalensis, and an unidentified species under the Order Pleosporales. All the endophytic fungal isolates showed production of amylases. The highest production of amylase were from P. capitalensis, followed by the unidentified species and Nigrospora oryzae. Furthermore, a total of four species of endophytic fungi namely: L. theobromae, N. oryzae, C. gloeosporioides and the unidentified species had potential for cellulose degradation. The species of fungi that had the largest enzymatic index for cellulose activity was the unidentified species of Pleosporales. meanwhile, among the tested organisms for the extracellular protease activity positive results were observed in the unidentified species. F. oxysporium and P. azadirachtae were producer of laccase enzyme.
Liquid culture conditions for mycelial growth of Pleurotus sajor-caju
(2020) Kylah Grace B. Pagaduan
Pleurotus sajor-caju as gray oyster mushroom, is one of the edible mushrooms being cultivated worldwide. In this study, the optimal growth conditions for the mycelia were evaluated. The influence of nutritional and physical factors such as liquid media, pH level, temperature, illumination and shaking conditions were investigated. The fresh and dry weights of mycelia were used in determining the optimum growth conditions. Results showed that rice bran decoction broth (RBDB) at pH 5.5, incubated in room temperature (28 degrees Celsius), alternating light and dark and static conditions are the best conditions for mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju.
Microbiological assessment and characterization of bacteria associated with chocolate-flavored dairy carabao's milk drink
(2019) Rea Mariela M. Santiago
Milk has been known for years as a complete food since it offers a variety of nutritional properties to people. However despite its nutritional attributes, there are reported cases that milk-borne pathogenic microorganisms cause harm and post peril to one's well-being. To address these issues, the study was conducted in order to microbiologically assess the quality of chocolate milk and characterize the bacteria associated with it through sub-studies namely: Physical assessment, Most Probable Number Method, Aerobic Plate Count, Petrifilm methods. The results of the physical assessment of the chocolate milk revealed no objectionable traits. Bacterial assessments in both samplings also revealed acceptable range of the microbial quality. However, due to the presence of high numbers of coliforms and the detection of E. coli in MPN analyses and Petrifilm E. coli/ Coliform Count Plate, this qualifies the chocolate milk as "Unsatisfactory" using FDA standards (2013), and suggests that there is a need for the establishment of good hygiene practices among dairy cooperatives in routine check for Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) compliance. Three isolates obtained from the mixed cultures were Gram Negative which may be associated with contaminations in the dairy and food industry.
Microbiological assessment and characterization of microorganisms associated with glutinous rice flour-based dairy product2019
(2019) Mary Ann G. Yagin
The study was conducted to assess and characterize microorganisms present in glutinous rice flour-based dairy product from a local dairy cooperative. Physical assessment of the product was conducted. Aerobic plate count and yeast and mold count was conducted using conventional and petrifilm methods. Bacterial pure culture were isolated and characterized culturally and morphologically. No objectionable result on color, appearance, odor and taste was observed. Aerobic plate count showed estimated aerobic plate count and fell under good category for ready-to-eat foods. Yeast and mold count also showed estimated yeast and mold count and fell under acceptable category for the microbial limits of ready-to-eatThree bacterial isolates from the sample were purified and characterized as gram negative two obligate aerobes and one facultative anaerobe, two motile and one non-motile.
Molecular identification and in vitro interaction of molds associated with dry rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collected in La Trinidad Benguet
(2020) Georgia Angel D. Carreon
Solanum tuberosum L. belonging to family Solanaceae is one of the most important crop grown in the Philippines and other countries. But harvested potatoes are plague by different fungal disease problems such as dry rot. Thus, this study was conducted mainly to isolate fungal organisms associated with dry rot disease of S. tuberosum L. The isolated fungal species were identified through observation of cultural and morphological characteristics and up to molecular level.
Optimization of culture conditions of Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde Bayombong, nueva Vizcaya (BNV) strain on different indigenous solid culture media
(2019) Kenneth D. Rivera
The mycelial growth performance on 10 different indigenous culture media 9ricebran decoction gulaman (RBDG), oatmeal decoction gulaman (OMDG), soybean decoction gulaman (SBDG), rice (CL-1 aromatic rice) decoction gulaman (RDG), coconut water decoction gulaman (CWDG), sorghum decoction gulaman (SDG), cornmeal decoction gulaman (CMDG), baguio beans decoction gulaman (BBDG), mungbean decoction gulaman (MBDG) and taro decoction gulaman (TDG) and the optimum physical factors (pH, temperature, aeration and illumination) of P. giganteus Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya (BNV) strain were investigated in this study. In the desire to develop production technology for this mushroom, indigenous culture media from the crops that have cheaper cost were formulated. Results of the study revealed that RBDG was the most favorable culture media for mycelial growth of P. giganteus. BNV strain showing signs of higher mecelial density as well as higher mycelial diametercompared to other culture media. In terms of physical factors, wide range of pH were suitable for the mycelial growth, room temperature (29°C) was the most favorable condition for the mycelial growth. Also, unsealed condition was the optimum for the mycelial growth and lastly, complete darkness showed the highest mycelial diameter. Incubation period of P. giganteus BNV strain had been shortened.
Optimization of culture conditions of Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde Bayombong, nueva Vizcaya (BNV) strain on different indigenous solid culture media
(2019) Kenneth D. Rivera
The mycelial growth performance on 10 different indigenous culture media 9ricebran decoction gulaman (RBDG), oatmeal decoction gulaman (OMDG), soybean decoction gulaman (SBDG), rice (CL-1 aromatic rice) decoction gulaman (RDG), coconut water decoction gulaman (CWDG), sorghum decoction gulaman (SDG), cornmeal decoction gulaman (CMDG), baguio beans decoction gulaman (BBDG), mungbean decoction gulaman (MBDG) and taro decoction gulaman (TDG) and the optimum physical factors (pH, temperature, aeration and illumination) of P. giganteus Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya (BNV) strain were investigated in this study. In the desire to develop production technology for this mushroom, indigenous culture media from the crops that have cheaper cost were formulated. Results of the study revealed that RBDG was the most favorable culture media for mycelial growth of P. giganteus. BNV strain showing signs of higher mecelial density as well as higher mycelial diametercompared to other culture media. In terms of physical factors, wide range of pH were suitable for the mycelial growth, room temperature (29°C) was the most favorable condition for the mycelial growth. Also, unsealed condition was the optimum for the mycelial growth and lastly, complete darkness showed the highest mycelial diameter. Incubation period of P. giganteus BNV strain had been shortened.
Optimization of liquid culture condition and functional activities of Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt. Fr.) P.Karst
(2019) Arthur Grisha C. Rivera
Understanding the physiology of Gamoderma lucidum in the development of liquid culture technology is crucial in terms of cultivation, consumption and potential drug discovery. Hence, this study was conducted to provide baseline information regarding to its nutritional and physiological requirement, mycochemical profile, radical scavenging activity, and total phenolic content. Results show that G. lucidum has a broad nutritional and physiological requirement although thrive highest in coconut medium, pH 5, room temperature (28°C), continuous dark in both agitated and static condition. Both mycelia from static and agitated media produced essential oils, sugars, phenols, anthraquinones, anthrones, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and coumarins. Production of triterpenes and fatty acids in mycelial was stimulated by agitated condition. On the other hand, the mycelial mat produced in agitated condition exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (43.21%) and highest total phenolic content (50.88 mg/g GAE sample).
Optimization of the culture conditions of Fomitopsis feed (Fr.) collected from Paracelis, Mountain Province
(2019) Alicia Leecel S. Villanueva
Fomitopsis feei (Fr.) is a brown-rot blanket fungus which belongs to the family Fomitopsidaceae. It is characterized with a sessile, effuse -reflexed basidiomata, its color varies from white to pinkish or brown to dark brown. In order to develop a mass cultivation protocol for this mushroom, this study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for its mycelial growth. The effect of different indigenous culture media and environmental factors such as pH, aeration, illumination and temperature were assessed. The optimum conditions for the secondary mycelial growth of F. feei was luxurious and largest on coconut water gelatin (CWG) medium (83.57 mm) at pH 6.5 (83.13 mm), in sealed (85 mm) dark conditions (85.00 mm) at room temperature (28-32 degress C) (81.96 mm). Moreover, the most abundant mycelial growth is found in cracked corn as spawn material.

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