Phytochemical screening, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of fruit rind, stem bark and leaves of Chrysophyllum cainito Linn. extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos [manuscript]
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Date
2017
Authors
Armel D. Alvaran
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Abstract
Chrysophyllum cainito Linn. is a medicinal plant that belongs to Sapotaceae family. Phytochemical screening, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of this plant were assessed in this study. The phytochemical content was analyzed using a test tube method. Toxic teratogenic effects of hot water extracts of C. cainto were assessed using D. rerio embryo model.
Results revealed the C. cainito contained saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycoside. Moreover, hot water extract of C. cainito plant parts were tested against Danio rerio embryos. Stem bark HWE exhibited the highest mortality rate to D. rerio embryos which had 100% at 0.5% and higher concentrations followed by fruit rind HWE with 100% mortality at 1% and higher concentrations at 48 htpa and leaves HWE with 100% mortality rate at 2% and 3% concentration after 12 htpa. The lethal concentration of fruit rind extract was estimated at 575 mg/ml, while leaves extract had 461 mg/ml and stem bark extract had 313 mg/ml. Thus it was indicated that fruit rind had low toxicity while stem bark, and leaves both had moderate toxicity level.
The heartbeat rate in 0.1% concentration of stem bark was of 107.33/min which is significantly lower than the control, while 0.5% concentration of fruit rind registered a mean of 59.33/min while, mean heartbeat rate of 11.33/min and 70/min were recorded in 0.5% concentration and 0.1% concentration of leaves HWE, respectively.
On the other hand, all plant part HWE exhibited 0% hatchability of the mebryo at 0.5% and higher concentrations. Significantly, fruit rind registered 100% rate in 0.1% concentration, followed by 0.1% of leaf extracts with 33.33% and 0.1% of stem bark HWE with 25% hatchability after 48 hpta.
Teratogenic effects were also investigated and it was found out that growth retardation and limited movement marked as the most teratogenic effect of C. cainito HWE. The different morphological abnormalities observed were head malformation, tail malformation and scoliosis.