Superabsorbent Polymer from cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels for improving soil water retention
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Date
2024
Authors
Pia Angela T. Adviento and Angel Zerah M. Moreno
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Abstract
In this study, Superabsorbent Polymers (SAOs) derived from cassava peels were explored as a potential solution to address water scarcity in agriculture. With SAPs capable of absorbing water up to fifteen times their dried weight, the study aimed to produce superabsorbent polymer and determine the optimum application rate through water absorbency and soil water retention test. The current investigation was undertaken to synthesize a starch-based SAP from agricultural and or food residue, cassava peels. SAP was formulated by combining carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, aluminum sulfate with cassava peel starch that had been extracted. The water absorption capacity of SAP was evaluated using the tea bag test, and the optimal application rate was determined by conducting a soil water retention test with various proportions of SAP. Treatment 1 will have no SAP (0%), Treatment 2 contained 0.25% of SAP, Treatment 3 has 0.50% of SAP, and Treatment 4 has 0.75% of SAP. The results of water absorption capacity reveals that the highest percentage of swelling occur after 24 hours, ranging from 2300% to 2550% demonstrating its effectiveness in soil water retention. In Treatment 4, the soil water retained involved the application of 0.75% of SAP, which exhibits superior soil water retention during both morning and afternoon observations. After 9 hours, the retained water in the soil decreases from 20-45% in the morning to 17-41% in the afternoon, highlighting the impact of climatic factors on soil water depletion. Further, the cost of producing 1kg of superabsorbent polymer from cassava peels was estimated to be Php 1,903.86 which is less expensive, sustainable than the commercially available SAP. Overall, the study contributes valuable insights into the utilization of cassava-based SAPs as feasible solution for improving water retention in soil, benefiting agricultural practices and environmental sustainability. The findings pave the way for practical applications of SAP in agriculture, particularly in regions prone to water scarcity. Offering a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to commercially available options.